October 19th:
- 202 BC - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal.
- 1469 - Ferdinand II of Aragon marries Isabella I of Castile, a marriage that paves the way to the unification of Aragon and Castile into a single country, Spain.
- 1512 - Martin Luther becomes a doctor of theology (Doctor in Biblia).
- 1781 - At Yorktown, Virginia, British commander Lord Cornwallis surrendered to a Franco-American force led by George Washington and the comte de Rochambeau, paving the way for the end of the American Revolutionary War.
- 1789 - Chief Justice John Jay is sworn in as the first Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.
- 1812 - Napoleon I of France retreats from Moscow. (And the French have been retreating ever since! Buhdump bum! Thanks, I'll be here all night.)
- 1864 - Battle of Cedar Creek - Union Army under Philip Sheridan destroys Confederate Army under Jubal Early.
- 1864 - Confederate raiders launch an attack on Saint Albans, Vermont from Canada.
- 1873 - Yale, Princeton, Columbia, and Rutgers universities draft the first code of American football rules.
- 1935 - The League of Nations places economic sanctions on fascist Italy for its invasion of Ethiopia. (Let's see, did that work?... NOPE)
- 1960 - The United States government decides to place an embargo on Communist Cuba. (Has this done any good???)
- 2005 - The last Major League Baseball game is played at Busch Memorial Stadium.
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